What is stamp duty?
Stamp duty (also called transfer duty in some states) is a state-levied tax on property transactions. Each Australian state and territory administers its own stamp duty rules, rate schedule and concession framework — which is why the figure for the same property price can differ by tens of thousands of dollars depending on where you buy.
How is stamp duty calculated?
Stamp duty is calculated on the dutiable value of the property — usually the contract price or market value, whichever is higher. Most states use a progressive marginal rate structure where higher value brackets attract higher rates. Concessions and exemptions for first home buyers, owner-occupiers and pensioners can reduce or remove the liability altogether.
First home buyer concessions
Every state and territory offers some form of first home buyer stamp duty concession or exemption, but the thresholds and eligibility rules differ significantly. The state-specific pages above summarise the current concessions, but always confirm with the relevant state revenue office before you sign a contract.
Foreign buyer surcharges
Most Australian states apply an additional foreign buyer surcharge on residential property purchases. The surcharge is typically 7–8% on top of standard duty, but ACT and NT do not currently apply a specific surcharge.